Elasticsearch 速查表：80+ 条 Query DSL / Mapping / 分析器 / 聚合 / 复制 带真实生产坑

PUT /products

PUT /logs-2026.05 {"settings":{"number_of_shards":3,"number_of_replicas":1}}

DELETE /products

DELETE /logs-2025.*

GET /products

GET /products?include_defaults=true

POST /products/_close

POST /products/_open

POST /_aliases {"actions":[{"remove":{"index":"products_v1","alias":"products"}},{"add":{"index":"products_v2","alias":"products"}}]}

POST /_aliases {"actions":[{"add":{"index":"logs-2026.05","alias":"logs-current","is_write_index":true}}]}

PUT /_index_template/logs-template {"index_patterns":["logs-*"],"template":{"settings":{"number_of_shards":1,"number_of_replicas":1},"mappings":{"properties":{"@timestamp":{"type":"date"},"message":{"type":"text"}}}}}

POST /logs-current/_rollover {"conditions":{"max_age":"7d","max_size":"50gb","max_docs":100000000}}

POST /_reindex {"source":{"index":"products_v1"},"dest":{"index":"products_v2"}}

POST /_reindex?wait_for_completion=false&slices=auto {"source":{"index":"logs-2025.*"},"dest":{"index":"logs-archive"}}

POST /logs-2025.12/_forcemerge?max_num_segments=1

POST /products/_refresh

PUT /products/_settings {"index":{"refresh_interval":"30s"}}

POST /products/_flush

POST /_flush

PUT /products/_settings {"index":{"number_of_replicas":2,"refresh_interval":"30s"}}

PUT /products/_settings {"index":{"max_result_window":50000}}

PUT /products/_settings {"settings":{"index.blocks.write":true}}

POST /products/_clone/products_copy

PUT /logs-old/_settings {"settings":{"index.blocks.write":true,"index.routing.allocation.require._name":"node-1"}}

POST /logs-old/_shrink/logs-old-shrunk {"settings":{"index.number_of_shards":1,"index.blocks.write":null}}

PUT /events/_settings {"settings":{"index.blocks.write":true}}

POST /events/_split/events_split {"settings":{"index.number_of_shards":6}}

GET /products/_stats

GET /products/_stats/search,indexing,merge

GET /products/_segments

GET /logs-2025.12/_segments?verbose=false

PUT /_component_template/base-settings {"template":{"settings":{"number_of_shards":1,"number_of_replicas":1}}}

PUT /_index_template/logs {"index_patterns":["logs-*"],"composed_of":["base-settings"]}

PUT /_index_template/metrics {"index_patterns":["metrics-*"],"data_stream":{},"template":{"mappings":{"properties":{"@timestamp":{"type":"date"}}}}}

PUT /_data_stream/metrics-app

PUT /products/_doc/1 {"name":"Headphones","price":99,"in_stock":true}

PUT /products/_doc/1?op_type=create {"name":"Headphones"}

POST /products/_doc {"name":"Mouse","price":25}

GET /products/_doc/1

GET /products/_doc/1?_source_includes=name,price

POST /products/_update/1 {"doc":{"price":89}}

POST /products/_update/1 {"script":{"source":"ctx._source.views += params.n","params":{"n":1}}}

POST /products/_update_by_query {"script":{"source":"ctx._source.active = true"},"query":{"term":{"in_stock":true}}}

DELETE /products/_doc/1

POST /logs/_delete_by_query {"query":{"range":{"@timestamp":{"lt":"now-30d"}}}}

POST /_bulk
{"index":{"_index":"products","_id":"1"}}
{"name":"A"}
{"index":{"_index":"products","_id":"2"}}
{"name":"B"}

GET /_mget {"docs":[{"_index":"products","_id":"1"},{"_index":"products","_id":"2"}]}

GET /products/_count

GET /products/_count {"query":{"term":{"in_stock":true}}}

GET /products/_source/1

GET /products/_source/1?_source_includes=name,price

HEAD /products/_doc/1

PUT /products/_doc/1?if_seq_no=12&if_primary_term=2 {"name":"Headphones","stock":5}

POST /counters/_update/page-1 {"script":{"source":"ctx._source.hits += params.n","params":{"n":1}},"upsert":{"hits":1}}

POST /products/_update/1 {"doc":{"price":89},"doc_as_upsert":true}

POST /orders/_doc?routing=tenant-42 {"tenant":"tenant-42","total":99}

GET /orders/_search?routing=tenant-42 {"query":{"match_all":{}}}

GET /products/_explain/1 {"query":{"match":{"description":"wireless"}}}

POST /products/_termvectors/1 {"fields":["description"],"term_statistics":true}

PUT /products/_mapping {"properties":{"tags":{"type":"keyword"},"description":{"type":"text","analyzer":"english"}}}

GET /products/_mapping

GET /products/_mapping/field/name

{"properties":{"name":{"type":"text","fields":{"keyword":{"type":"keyword","ignore_above":256}}}}}

{"properties":{"@timestamp":{"type":"date","format":"strict_date_optional_time||epoch_millis"}}}

{"properties":{"variants":{"type":"nested","properties":{"sku":{"type":"keyword"},"price":{"type":"double"}}}}}

{"properties":{"location":{"type":"geo_point"}}}

POST /stores/_doc {"location":{"lat":40.71,"lon":-74.0}}

{"mappings":{"dynamic":"strict","properties":{"name":{"type":"text"}}}}

{"properties":{"name":{"type":"text","fields":{"keyword":{"type":"keyword","ignore_above":256},"english":{"type":"text","analyzer":"english"}}}}}

{"properties":{"raw_html":{"type":"text","index":false}}}

{"properties":{"price":{"type":"scaled_float","scaling_factor":100}}}

{"properties":{"order_id":{"type":"keyword"}}}

{"properties":{"client_ip":{"type":"ip"}}}

{"query":{"term":{"client_ip":"10.0.0.0/8"}}}

{"properties":{"in_stock":{"type":"boolean"}}}

{"query":{"term":{"in_stock":true}}}

{"properties":{"labels":{"type":"flattened"}}}

{"query":{"term":{"labels.env":"prod"}}}

{"properties":{"suggest":{"type":"completion"}}}

POST /products/_search {"suggest":{"s":{"prefix":"head","completion":{"field":"suggest","size":5}}}}

{"properties":{"embedding":{"type":"dense_vector","dims":768,"index":true,"similarity":"cosine"}}}

{"properties":{"@timestamp":{"type":"date"},"ts":{"type":"alias","path":"@timestamp"}}}

{"properties":{"first_name":{"type":"text","copy_to":"full_name"},"last_name":{"type":"text","copy_to":"full_name"},"full_name":{"type":"text"}}}

PUT /logs/_mapping {"runtime":{"status_class":{"type":"keyword","script":{"source":"emit(doc['status'].value >= 500 ? '5xx' : 'ok')"}}}}

GET /products/_search {"query":{"match":{"description":"wireless headphones"}}}

GET /_search {"query":{"match":{"description":{"query":"wireless headphones","operator":"and","minimum_should_match":"75%"}}}}

{"query":{"match_phrase":{"description":"wireless noise cancelling"}}}

{"query":{"match_phrase":{"description":{"query":"wireless headphones","slop":2}}}}

{"query":{"multi_match":{"query":"wireless","fields":["name^3","description"],"type":"best_fields"}}}

{"query":{"term":{"status":"active"}}}

{"query":{"term":{"name.keyword":"Apple"}}}

{"query":{"terms":{"status":["active","pending","review"]}}}

{"query":{"range":{"price":{"gte":10,"lte":100}}}}

{"query":{"range":{"@timestamp":{"gte":"now-7d/d","lt":"now/d"}}}}

{"query":{"bool":{"must":[{"match":{"description":"wireless"}}],"filter":[{"term":{"in_stock":true}},{"range":{"price":{"lte":200}}}],"must_not":[{"term":{"discontinued":true}}]}}}

{"query":{"wildcard":{"sku.keyword":{"value":"SKU-*-RED"}}}}

{"query":{"regexp":{"sku.keyword":{"value":"[A-Z]{3}-[0-9]{4}","max_determinized_states":10000}}}}

{"query":{"prefix":{"name.keyword":{"value":"Apple"}}}}

{"query":{"fuzzy":{"name":{"value":"helo","fuzziness":"AUTO","prefix_length":1}}}}

{"query":{"exists":{"field":"email"}}}

{"query":{"bool":{"must_not":[{"exists":{"field":"email"}}]}}}

{"query":{"ids":{"values":["1","2","42"]}}}

{"query":{"nested":{"path":"variants","query":{"bool":{"must":[{"term":{"variants.color":"red"}},{"range":{"variants.price":{"lte":50}}}]}},"inner_hits":{}}}}

{"query":{"geo_distance":{"distance":"5km","location":{"lat":40.71,"lon":-74.0}}}}

{"query":{"function_score":{"query":{"match":{"description":"wireless"}},"functions":[{"gauss":{"@timestamp":{"origin":"now","scale":"30d"}}}],"boost_mode":"multiply"}}}

{"query":{"match":{"description":"wireless"}},"highlight":{"fields":{"description":{"fragment_size":150,"number_of_fragments":3}}}}

{"size":20,"sort":[{"@timestamp":"desc"},{"_id":"asc"}],"search_after":["2026-05-26T10:00:00Z","abc123"]}

POST /products/_pit?keep_alive=5m

GET /_search {"pit":{"id":"<pit-id>","keep_alive":"5m"},"size":100,"sort":[{"_shard_doc":"asc"}]}

{"query":{"match_all":{}}}

{"query":{"match_none":{}}}

{"query":{"terms_set":{"skills":{"terms":["es","sql","python"],"minimum_should_match_field":"required_matches"}}}}

{"query":{"constant_score":{"filter":{"term":{"in_stock":true}},"boost":1.2}}}

{"query":{"dis_max":{"queries":[{"match":{"title":"wireless"}},{"match":{"body":"wireless"}}],"tie_breaker":0.3}}}

{"query":{"simple_query_string":{"query":"wireless +headphones -wired","fields":["name^2","description"]}}}

{"query":{"more_like_this":{"fields":["title","body"],"like":[{"_index":"articles","_id":"42"}],"min_term_freq":1,"max_query_terms":12}}}

POST /docs/_search {"knn":{"field":"embedding","query_vector":[0.12,0.83],"k":10,"num_candidates":100,"filter":{"term":{"lang":"zh"}}}}

{"query":{"bool":{"must":{"match":{"description":"coffee"}},"should":{"distance_feature":{"field":"@timestamp","origin":"now","pivot":"7d"}}}}}

{"sort":[{"price":{"order":"asc","missing":"_last"}},{"_score":"desc"}]}

{"sort":[{"ratings":{"order":"desc","mode":"avg"}}]}

{"_source":{"includes":["name","price"]},"query":{"match_all":{}}}

{"_source":false,"fields":["name","@timestamp"],"query":{"match_all":{}}}

POST /_scripts/find_by_status {"script":{"lang":"mustache","source":{"query":{"term":{"status":"{{s}}"}}}}}

GET /products/_search/template {"id":"find_by_status","params":{"s":"active"}}

GET /products/_search {"profile":true,"query":{"bool":{"must":[{"match":{"description":"wireless"}}]}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"by_status":{"terms":{"field":"status","size":20}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"price_stats":{"stats":{"field":"price"}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"avg_price":{"avg":{"field":"price"}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"unique_users":{"cardinality":{"field":"user_id","precision_threshold":40000}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"daily":{"date_histogram":{"field":"@timestamp","calendar_interval":"1d","time_zone":"Asia/Shanghai"}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"price_dist":{"histogram":{"field":"price","interval":50,"min_doc_count":1}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"price_tier":{"range":{"field":"price","ranges":[{"to":50},{"from":50,"to":200},{"from":200}]}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"latency_p":{"percentiles":{"field":"latency_ms","percents":[50,95,99]}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"all_combos":{"composite":{"size":1000,"sources":[{"status":{"terms":{"field":"status"}}},{"day":{"date_histogram":{"field":"@timestamp","calendar_interval":"1d"}}}]}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"by_status":{"terms":{"field":"status"},"aggs":{"by_day":{"date_histogram":{"field":"@timestamp","calendar_interval":"1d"},"aggs":{"avg_price":{"avg":{"field":"price"}}}}}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"in_stock_avg":{"filter":{"term":{"in_stock":true}},"aggs":{"avg_price":{"avg":{"field":"price"}}}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"per_cat":{"terms":{"field":"category"},"aggs":{"sample":{"top_hits":{"size":3,"sort":[{"@timestamp":"desc"}]}}}}}}

{"size":0,"query":{"term":{"status":"fraud"}},"aggs":{"why_fraud":{"significant_terms":{"field":"ip_country"}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"with_email":{"value_count":{"field":"email"}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"lat":{"extended_stats":{"field":"latency_ms","sigma":3}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"buckets":{"date_range":{"field":"@timestamp","ranges":[{"key":"last_7d","from":"now-7d/d"},{"key":"older","to":"now-7d/d"}]}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"variants":{"nested":{"path":"variants"},"aggs":{"avg_price":{"avg":{"field":"variants.price"}}}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"levels":{"filters":{"filters":{"errors":{"term":{"level":"error"}},"warnings":{"term":{"level":"warn"}}}}}}}

{"query":{"match":{"name":"wireless"}},"aggs":{"all":{"global":{},"aggs":{"avg_price":{"avg":{"field":"price"}}}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"by_day":{"date_histogram":{"field":"@timestamp","calendar_interval":"1d"},"aggs":{"sales":{"sum":{"field":"sale"}},"visits":{"sum":{"field":"visit"}},"cvr":{"bucket_script":{"buckets_path":{"s":"sales","v":"visits"},"script":"params.v > 0 ? params.s / params.v : 0"}}}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"daily":{"date_histogram":{"field":"@timestamp","calendar_interval":"1d"},"aggs":{"signups":{"sum":{"field":"new_users"}},"growth":{"derivative":{"buckets_path":"signups"}},"total":{"cumulative_sum":{"buckets_path":"signups"}}}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"daily":{"date_histogram":{"field":"@timestamp","calendar_interval":"1d"},"aggs":{"v":{"sum":{"field":"sale"}},"ma7":{"moving_fn":{"buckets_path":"v","window":7,"script":"MovingFunctions.unweightedAvg(values)"}}}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"heat":{"geohash_grid":{"field":"location","precision":5}}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"tiles":{"geotile_grid":{"field":"location","precision":10}}}}

POST /_analyze {"analyzer":"standard","text":"Quick brown FOX 2026!"}

POST /_analyze {"analyzer":"english","text":"Running quickly through the parks"}

POST /products/_analyze {"field":"name","text":"Wireless Headphones"}

{"properties":{"description":{"type":"text","analyzer":"english"}}}

PUT /demo {"settings":{"analysis":{"analyzer":{"my_a":{"type":"custom","tokenizer":"standard","filter":["lowercase","asciifolding","stop"]}}}}}

{"settings":{"analysis":{"filter":{"edge":{"type":"edge_ngram","min_gram":2,"max_gram":15}},"analyzer":{"ac_idx":{"tokenizer":"standard","filter":["lowercase","edge"]},"ac_search":{"tokenizer":"standard","filter":["lowercase"]}}}}}

{"settings":{"analysis":{"filter":{"ng":{"type":"ngram","min_gram":3,"max_gram":4}},"analyzer":{"ng_a":{"tokenizer":"standard","filter":["lowercase","ng"]}}}}}

{"settings":{"analysis":{"filter":{"syn":{"type":"synonym","synonyms":["tv,television","laptop,notebook"]}},"analyzer":{"syn_a":{"tokenizer":"standard","filter":["lowercase","syn"]}}}}}

{"settings":{"analysis":{"analyzer":{"my_a":{"tokenizer":"standard","filter":["lowercase","english_stop"]}},"filter":{"english_stop":{"type":"stop","stopwords":"_english_"}}}}}

{"settings":{"analysis":{"analyzer":{"folding":{"tokenizer":"standard","filter":["lowercase","asciifolding"]}}}}}

PUT /zh_demo {"settings":{"analysis":{"analyzer":{"ik_a":{"type":"custom","tokenizer":"ik_smart"}}}}}

POST /_analyze {"analyzer":"keyword","text":"Wireless Headphones X1"}

POST /_analyze {"analyzer":"whitespace","text":"ERROR 500 /api/v1"}

PUT /demo {"settings":{"analysis":{"analyzer":{"by_comma":{"type":"pattern","pattern":","}}}}}

{"properties":{"q":{"type":"search_as_you_type"}}}

{"query":{"multi_match":{"query":"head","type":"bool_prefix","fields":["q","q._2gram","q._3gram"]}}}

PUT /demo {"settings":{"analysis":{"analyzer":{"clean":{"tokenizer":"standard","char_filter":["html_strip"]}}}}}

PUT /demo {"settings":{"analysis":{"normalizer":{"lc":{"type":"custom","filter":["lowercase","asciifolding"]}}},"mappings":{"properties":{"country":{"type":"keyword","normalizer":"lc"}}}}}

{"properties":{"name":{"type":"text","analyzer":"ac_idx","search_analyzer":"standard"}}}

{"settings":{"analysis":{"filter":{"en_stem":{"type":"stemmer","language":"light_english"}},"analyzer":{"a":{"tokenizer":"standard","filter":["lowercase","en_stem"]}}}}}

GET /_cluster/health

GET /_cluster/health?level=indices&wait_for_status=green&timeout=30s

GET /_cluster/stats

GET /_cluster/settings?include_defaults=true

PUT /_cluster/settings {"persistent":{"cluster.routing.allocation.disk.watermark.low":"85%"}}

GET /_cluster/allocation/explain {"index":"products","shard":0,"primary":true}

GET /_cat/health?v

GET /_cat/health?h=status,node.total,shards

GET /_cat/nodes?v

GET /_cat/nodes?h=name,role,heap.percent,ram.percent,cpu&v

GET /_cat/indices?v

GET /_cat/indices?v&s=store.size:desc&bytes=gb

GET /_cat/shards?v

GET /_cat/shards?h=index,shard,prirep,state,unassigned.reason&v

GET /_cat/aliases?v

GET /_cat/templates?v

GET /_cat/recovery?v&active_only=true

GET /_nodes/stats/jvm,thread_pool

GET /_nodes/<node>/stats/indices/search

GET /_tasks?actions=*reindex&detailed=true

POST /_tasks/<task-id>/_cancel

GET /_nodes/hot_threads?threads=3&interval=500ms

GET /_cat/thread_pool/write,search?v&h=node_name,name,active,queue,rejected

POST /_cluster/reroute?retry_failed=true

GET /_cat/segments/products?v

GET /_cat/fielddata?v&s=size:desc

GET /_cat/count/logs-*?v

GET /_cat/master?v

GET /_cat/allocation?v

PUT /_cluster/settings {"persistent":{"cluster.routing.allocation.enable":"none"}}

PUT /_cluster/settings {"persistent":{"cluster.routing.allocation.enable":"all"}}

GET /_cluster/pending_tasks

PUT /products/_settings {"index":{"number_of_replicas":2}}

PUT /_index_template/default {"index_patterns":["*"],"template":{"settings":{"number_of_replicas":1}}}

PUT /_snapshot/s3_backups {"type":"s3","settings":{"bucket":"my-es-backups","region":"us-east-1"}}

PUT /_snapshot/s3_backups/2026-05-26?wait_for_completion=false {"indices":"products,logs-*","include_global_state":false}

POST /_snapshot/s3_backups/2026-05-26/_restore {"indices":"products","rename_pattern":"(.+)","rename_replacement":"restored_$1"}

GET /_snapshot/s3_backups/_all

PUT /_slm/policy/daily {"schedule":"0 30 1 * * ?","name":"<daily-{now/d}>","repository":"s3_backups","config":{"indices":["*"]},"retention":{"expire_after":"30d","min_count":7,"max_count":50}}

PUT /products-replica/_ccr/follow?wait_for_active_shards=1 {"remote_cluster":"leader_cluster","leader_index":"products"}

PUT /_ilm/policy/logs_policy {"policy":{"phases":{"hot":{"actions":{"rollover":{"max_age":"7d","max_size":"50gb"}}},"warm":{"min_age":"30d","actions":{"forcemerge":{"max_num_segments":1}}},"delete":{"min_age":"90d","actions":{"delete":{}}}}}}

DELETE /_snapshot/s3_backups/2026-04-01

GET /_snapshot/s3_backups/2026-05-26/_status

POST /_snapshot/s3_backups/_verify

POST /_snapshot/s3_backups/_cleanup

POST /_snapshot/s3_backups/2026-01/_mount?wait_for_completion=true {"index":"logs-2026.01","renamed_index":"logs-2026.01-cold"}

PUT /orders/_doc/1?wait_for_active_shards=2 {"total":99}

# elasticsearch.yml
node.attr.zone: zone-a
cluster.routing.allocation.awareness.attributes: zone

PUT /_cluster/settings {"persistent":{"cluster.routing.allocation.awareness.attributes":"zone"}}

# jvm.options (good)
-Xms30g
-Xmx30g

# jvm.options (bad)
-Xms64g
-Xmx64g  # crossed the cliff

PUT /events_strict {"mappings":{"dynamic":"strict","properties":{"@timestamp":{"type":"date"},"event":{"type":"keyword"}}}}

# wrong — will blow up
GET /products/_search {"from":100000,"size":10}

# right — sort + search_after
GET /products/_search {"size":10,"sort":[{"_id":"asc"}],"search_after":["abc123"]}

PUT /logs-2026.05/_settings {"index":{"refresh_interval":"30s"}}

PUT /products/_settings {"index":{"refresh_interval":"-1"}}  # disable; manual _refresh only

PUT /_cluster/settings {"persistent":{"cluster.routing.allocation.disk.watermark.low":"85%","cluster.routing.allocation.disk.watermark.high":"90%","cluster.routing.allocation.disk.watermark.flood_stage":"95%"}}

PUT /*/_settings {"index.blocks.read_only_allow_delete":null}

# wrong — term on text
{"query":{"term":{"name":"Apple"}}}  # 0 hits

# right — term on keyword sub-field
{"query":{"term":{"name.keyword":"Apple"}}}

# python elasticsearch helpers
from elasticsearch.helpers import bulk
bulk(client, actions, chunk_size=2000, max_chunk_bytes=10*1024*1024)

# 3 master-eligible nodes, no voting-only nodes
node.roles: [ master, data, ingest ]

# wrong
{"properties":{"name":{"type":"text","fielddata":true}}}

# right
{"properties":{"name":{"type":"text","fields":{"keyword":{"type":"keyword","ignore_above":256}}}}}

GET /_cat/allocation?v&h=node,shards,disk.indices

# consolidate: rollover by 50gb instead of 1 index/day
POST /logs/_rollover {"conditions":{"max_size":"50gb"}}

# wrong — builds a giant bucket map
{"aggs":{"u":{"terms":{"field":"user_id","size":1000000}}}}

# right — paginate with composite
{"aggs":{"u":{"composite":{"size":1000,"sources":[{"uid":{"terms":{"field":"user_id"}}}]}}}}

# slow on large fields
{"query":{"wildcard":{"msg.keyword":"*timeout*"}}}

# better — index with ngram and use match

# expensive
{"query":{"script_score":{"query":{"match_all":{}},"script":{"source":"Math.log(2 + doc['votes'].value)"}}}}

# cheaper — precompute log_votes at index time, sort on it

# cache-busting
{"filter":{"range":{"@timestamp":{"gte":"now-7d"}}}}

# cache-friendly
{"filter":{"range":{"@timestamp":{"gte":"now-7d/d"}}}}

POST /products/_analyze {"field":"name","text":"Wireless"}

{"size":20,"_source":["title","price"],"query":{"match_all":{}}}

{"size":0,"aggs":{"by_cat":{"terms":{"field":"category"}}}}